Competitors Of Tui Based On Market Share Tourism Essay

Contenders Of Tui Based On Market Share Tourism Essay The errand of the accompanying task is taking a vital fit for a bundle occasion organization. A bundle occasion organization is characterized as one that offers least of movement and convenience in a solitary bundle. One organization that works globally and offers least bundle of movement and convenience is TUI Travel. TUI is the universes driving worldwide relaxation travel organization working in four distinct divisions (tuitravelplc.com) The fundamental contenders of TUI dependent on Market share are: Carlson Wagonlit Travel Thomas Cook plc. Travelport Ltd Vision Statement Our vision is Making Travel Experiences Special (tuitravelplc.com) Undertaking A: Market Environment Analysis So as to examine the market condition appropriate investigative instruments ought to be picked: PESTLE Analysis for Macro Environment Doormen five powers for Micro Environment PESTLE Analysis Political Factors Changes in the tax assessment strategy of the legislature in UK, for example, increment in VAT rate by 2.5% may negatively affect inbound the travel industry in UK as the costs of products will rise. Additionally, 24% Britishers guarantee that expansion in VAT will likewise prompt costly staycations (Casal 2011) Shaky Political condition can truly affect the travel industry of a country as the voyagers dread for their security and will in general keep away from that country. For example, late Political uprising in mid east has lead to half scratch-offs in Arab countries (Zablit 2011). Security and wellbeing concerns have significant effect on the travel industry. Fear based oppressor assaults of 9/11 in US prompted 10% fall popular for movement and the travel industry (Bennett and Barry n.d.). Such assaults likewise bring up an issue on national security of the nation and hose the sightseers certainty. Monetary Factors Downturn: UKs intend to develop out of downturn may simply be extended further as the ongoing political uprisings in Middle East and catastrophe struck Japan may have drag out impacts on the world economy, influencing the travel industry too. In measures to keep family unit spending plans low, families are investigating a greater amount of local shore occasions, likewise expressed as staycations. In year 2009 there was a decline by 14% in abroad occasions in UK, though the local shore showcase rose by 5% (Mintel Report 2010). Money Fluctuations: In the year 2008 there was obstruction among the US guests for the UK because of solid Pound. Against the dollar, Pound was at two-year low. (Ashby 2008) Looking at the table 1, which shows Dollar fortifying against the pound in the ongoing years, may draw in voyagers from US. Besides, fortifying of Euro and Dollar can be expressed as a reason for heightened enthusiasm for staycations and a worry for outbound the travel industry from UK. Table 1: Currency Prices for most recent 5 years, with base money being Pound ( £) (Source: XE.com) Fuel Prices: Year Euro Dollar 2006 69 p 57p 2007 68p 51p 2008 76p 49p 2009 92p 71p 2010 90p 66p The Oil costs rose to $120 per barrel in February 2011 because of political uprising in Middle East and have left carriers stressed. Global Airlines Group has chosen to decrease by flying less regularly. IAGs CEO said if the fuel costs don't subside a definitive impact would be on tolls (Milmo 2011). This would prompt increment in bundled occasions costs. Social Factors: Socioeconomics: Mintel report 2009 recommends that the decrease in normal families is anticipated to proceed though 5% development in 1-3 man family units. It states about 48% of 1 part family went on a vacation when contrasted with 68% of weds, 60% of three man and 70% of four families. (Mintel Report 2010) Table2: Showing % change in family units in UK. (Source: Mintel Report 2010) By 2031 it is anticipated that the single families (for the most part individuals more than 55) will include 18% of the all out families in UK. In this way it would be a significant market for the bundle administrators (Communities 2009) Wellbeing concerns. 2004 2009 2014 % Change % Change M M M 2004-09 2009-14 One-individual family units 7.6 8.35 8.8 9.9 5.4 2 man 8.96 9.54 10.02 6.5 5 3 man 3.95 3.97 4.15 0.5 4.5 4 man 3.3 3.31 3.33 0.3 0.6 5+ individual 1.67 1.65 1.64 - 1.2 - 0.6 Complete family units 25.48 26.81 27.93 5.2 4.2 Proceeded with worries over wellbeing and cleanliness are seen among UK inhabitants. The episode of Foot and Mouth infection in year 2001 prompted 16% fall in guest use in UK prompting negative pictures of Britain as a vacation goal (Pasty 2003). However, with the forthcoming Olympics 2012 and Royal Wedding in 2011 will prompt high volume of visitors visiting UK. Maturing Population. According to the National measurements association (2010) there were one out of five individuals of retirement age in the UK. As the populace is maturing there will be an additional expense for the organizations who offer benefits plans to their representatives with the goal that their staff lives longer (Oxford University Press 2007). Innovative Factors Web: In UK there were 20 million Internet supporters out of 27 million family units. Significant Level of Internet entrance is a key contributing component to online travel retailors performing better. Online deals of movement retail item spoke to 34% of the all out deals. This additionally has prompted savage rivalry among the players as the clients are searching for modest get-away bundles, third most significant factor when choosing occasion bundle (Euromonitor) Better Technology: Most recent innovation progressions in divisions, for example, designing, carrier industry, transport, foundation and so on, for example, happening to extravagance traveler planes, for example, Airbus A380 and Boeings 787, Eurostar through Eurotunnel have made cross outskirt travel simpler and swifter than any time in recent memory. Lawful Factors Discharges Trading Scheme: This plan was introduced in the year 2003 for EU so as to check carbon discharge. In 2008 revisions were made to this plan, including the flight exercises also. It implies the airplane administrators will be dependent upon a top and should pay stipend to cover their emanations. This could upwardly affect the costs of occasion bundles (Euro Monitor). Open Skies Agreement: Marked among EU and US in the mid 2008 permitting and aircraft from the EU or the US to wherever among EU and US. (Euro Monitor) This permits the clients to fly with their decision of aircraft and consequently can help decrease costs on account of rivalry among the administrators. Natural Factors Moral Consumerism The Ethical Purchasing Index expresses that the moral buying has developed amazingly with all out market esteemed at  £30million. Eco Holidays, Fair exchange occasions have encountered outstanding development because of the rasing concern with respect to the earth among the individuals (Mintel Report 2005). Green Initiatives: In todays world it is unimaginable for the movement and the travel industry to disregard the developing worries over condition. In a study in year 2002, 85% of the individuals said it is significant their get-away doesn't hamper the earth. Because of this reality the bundle administrators are adjusting themselves to become condition benevolent (Euro Monitor). For example, Thomas cook has now begun to feature about their administrations meeting dependable the travel industry standards (Mintel Report 2005) Doormen Five powers: Serious Rivalry The four significant players in the market (Thomson, MyTravel, First-Choice and Thomas Cook) have, for number of years, jarred each other for greater piece of the pie and benefits have end up being unstable (Evans et al, 2003). The significant bundle occasion players target various portions in the market, for example, offering extravagance excursions, experience get-aways and so forth with some uniqueness also. Bundle administrators, for example, Thomson presented their own ease aircraft Thomson fly and dynamic bundling where clients can book their convenience and flights independently (Lueck 2005) The degree of client administrations influence while picking an organization, in the event that one offers preferable client care over others it helps in holding clients. In this way there is extreme contention in the business Danger of New Entrants: The complete consumption on vacations is relied upon to ascend by almost 22% in 2014 from 2004(Mintel report, 2010) making the travel industry appealing one due to the market size. However, elevated level of capital venture required focusing on bigger crowd and the need to separate goes about as an obstruction to section. What's more, to include, top 10 organizations control 70% of the market. This diminishes the value reprisal and keeps the economies of scale high. Discoveries from Mintel report (2010) states Brand mindfulness assumes a significant job in bundle occasion industry and hence can go about as a boundary. In this manner danger of new participant is low. Danger from Substitutes: Occasions can have immediate also backhanded substitutes, for example, rather than spending couple of pounds on a weeks get-away individuals may spend same measure of cash on purchasing a vehicle or towards house expansion. In this way danger from substitutes if moderate. Bartering Power of Suppliers: Provider can have high arrangement control over the organizations having little piece of the overall industry, yet in a market where 4 significant players power over half of the market there is danger of in reverse combination. In this way the bartering intensity of the providers is low Dealing Power of purchasers: Clients today have the alternative to book their days off over the Internet they eye to get modest arrangements. Respects to this the clients have more options. Yet, because of low degree of separation and lesser substitutes make the haggling power moderate. Basic Success Factor New Destinations: according to the Mintel report (2010) visiting another goal has seen most noteworthy development as far as rate, 12%. Spots that have sweltering climate, sea shores, scenes, social legacy are a significant hit among different socioeconomics. In this manner so as to have bigger piece of the pie it is significant for the bundle administrators to constantly hope to refresh their contribution of desti

A Strong Character of Weak Mind free essay sample

Hamlet’s remarkable assurance to find reality behind the late king’s early demise portrays him as consistent and reasonable, yet his reckless character lessens the astuteness in his dynamic. The 2009 adaptation of Hamlet exhibits this during Act I, Scene IV, when Hamlet experiences the phantom of his dad. So as to depict the ruler as a man of carelessness as opposed to reason, chief Gregory Doran utilizes sensational exchange, acting and film procedures to uncover the deplorable character’s certain character. Doran first presents Hamlet’s extraordinary aura in Act I, Scene II during his speech. His dissatisfaction in Gertrude and Claudius’s marriage gets clear as he declares, â€Å"Frailty, thy name is lady! † and how Gertrude wedded his â€Å"father’s sibling, however not any more like [his] father Than [he] to Hercules. † Hamlet gets out to lunch and looks off out there while expressing his genuine thoughts, in any event, when Horatio, Marcellus and Bernardo enter the scene. This warmth of energy starts the interest and curiosity that he conveys all through the remainder of the film, yet in addition presents the very impulsivity that prompts his defeat. Hamlet’s elevated enthusiastic state in Scene IV rapidly sabotages his astute character. The scene starts with a building up shot as Hamlet, Horatio and Marcellus stand one next to the other in a long passage: While King Claudius arranges a gathering close by, flashes of light enlighten the foyer. The sharp commotions of firecrackers and trumpets overwhelm the sound while Hamlet talks in a low tone. The mood of his discourse rapidly breaks by Horatio pointedly shouting, â€Å"Look, my ruler, it comes! † regarding the apparition of King Hamlet, presently entering the shot’s outline: Indeed, even with the key light being appeared on Horatio’s face, a distinct difference can be seen from his demeanor and Hamlet’s, the last indicating more stun and surprise than the other. The firecrackers and trumpets quiet and unpropitious bass tones supplant the sound. A slight mist enters the shot, and Hamlet starts to step in reverse. The tone of this scene has out of nowhere changed from being loose to tense due to the ghost’s nearness. This move indicates King Hamlet’s amazing nature right off the bat in the scene. The camera removes to an increasingly inaccessible position and incorporates Marcellus in the edge: The camera currently films in profound center, permitting the crowd to watch Hamlet as he moves in an opposite direction from his dad while talking in a delicate and trembling voice. He shows up exceptionally unassuming and terrified of his father’s apparition. Hamlet keeps on meandering aimlessly as though he has lost a feeling of what his identity is and what he is attempting to accomplish: a comprehension of what befell his dad. Horatio and Marcellus are left without words, leaving the activity between the Prince and late King of Denmark. Presently that the camera’s center lies just around Hamlet and his dad, the state of mind changes and Hamlet’s incautious nature becomes exposed. The sovereign sinks against a divider while addressing the phantom, who remains on the contrary side of the divider before a window. This starts a shot/switch shot grouping among Hamlet and his dad: The shot of the ruler utilizes low difference. The surrounding incorporates the divider behind Hamlet, and the camera films at level with Hamlet’s face. A diminish light enlightens his position and frightful articulation. In examination, the shot of the King utilizes high difference because of the foundation light. The surrounding incorporates the window behind the King, alongside a mist that radiates from the phantom as the light falls upon his back. The camera films underneath the ghost’s face. The two shots are taken decently close up to the actors’ faces. The solid foundation light, mist and level of encircling cause the phantom to show up substantially more undermining and telling than Hamlet. Since the ruler encounters the very individual he gets himself so distressed over, Hamlet’s character and character change. The juxtaposition of Hamlet’s faltering character and his father’s harsh disposition conveys a brief look at Prince Hamlet’s genuine self, somebody that may not be as keen as the crowd anticipates. The late king’s solid and stunning nearness makes the circumstance substantially more sensible for Prince Hamlet and breaks his self-control. In spite of the fact that the apparition never talks in the scene, this shot/turn around shot grouping shows his discontent with the circumstance in Denmark. The acting of the sovereign and lord alone uncover the genuine position figure: King Hamlet. The Prince of Denmark likewise differentiates the conduct of his old buddy, Horatio. All through the film, Horatio puts on a show of being the more made and steadfast companion out of Hamlet. It features Hamlet’s radical conduct, yet in addition underscores the indiscretion in his judgment. As the apparition leaves, Hamlet quickly reveals to Horatio why he ought to follow his dad. He talks rapidly while over and again glancing in the ghost’s area: The shot is currently close up and actualizes calm lighting, which centers around the left half of Hamlet’s face. It likewise incorporates the encompassing block divider whose dull hues clearly feature Hamlet’s outward appearances. David Tennant makes emotional and wild articulations as he sorts out what he just saw. His assurance to reveal reality and vindicate his dad comes back with a substantially more agitated mien. Hamlet never excuses his craving to follow his father’s phantom, leaving Horatio to attempt to understand the circumstance. The camera turns towards Hamlet’s faithful friend and builds the profundity of center to incorporate the phantom, presently at the far edge of the foyer: The shot currently utilizes a lower differentiate as to the actors’ faces. The foundation light enlightens the corridor without indicating the individual characters. The degree of surrounding cuts the highest point of Hamlet’s head from the shot, indicating how he guides his focus toward his dad instead of to Horatio. His inability to try and recognize Horatio’s endeavors to clarify the conditions focuses on the way that Hamlet isn't in a sharp and centered perspective. He shows up increasingly bothered and effectively affected by the ghost’s nearness, not at all like the exceptionally autonomous and insightful Hamlet who the crowd familiar with all through the film. The shot at that point turns out to be close-up to Horatio’s face, with the key light coordinated on his correct side: The phantom stands outside the shot’s outline. Horatio’s face turns out to be progressively point by point, indicating his earnestness and worry for Hamlet’s prosperity. The degree of encircling remains at eye level with Horatio, however underneath that of Marcellus and much more beneath that of Hamlet. This means Horatio’s request to rationale appears to be irrelevant and bears no impact on Hamlet’s balanced. The sovereign neglectfully chose how he will act and to be sure follows up on this reflex. This shows how effectively Hamlet can be impacted in accepting a specific thought or position. Regardless of whether Horatio attempted to prevail upon Hamlet before the apparition entered the scene, Hamlet would have likely responded with a similar degree of emotionalism. He persuaded himself from the earliest starting point that addressing his dad was actually what he expected to do. The difference of his unconstrained conduct and Horatio’s astute thinking demonstrates how rash the Prince of Denmark really is. In the wake of disregarding Horatio, Hamlet runs toward the heading of his dad to another room. He finds that his father’s passing came about because of injustice, submitted by the late king’s own sibling: Claudius. Since he talked with his dad and uncovered reality, Hamlet must choose how he should follow up on the King’s uncovering account. Following the King’s apparition withdraws, Hamlet announces his best course of action. He shouts, â€Å"I’ll wipe away all inconsequential affectionate records, All saws of books, all structures, all weights past, That adolescent and perception duplicated there; And thy edict in solitude will live Within the book and volume of my mind, Unmix’d with baser issue: truly, by paradise! Hamlet’s presentation to this new data flabbergasts him in to a sensationalized perspective and makes him hastily make determinations before he can even stand up from the beginning. His rushed air tails him to Act II, Scene II. Here, Hamlet accept Polonius to be a fishmonger and offers him guidance for how Poloniu s should think about his little girl. Hamlet neglects to recognize the chance of Polonius being Ophelia’s father and even acts wildly enough to make jokes about his mature age. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern then enter the scene. Next to no time slips by before Hamlet prosecutes the two of being sent for. He asks, â€Å"Were you not sent for? † Neither Rosencrantz nor Guildenstern answer certainly before Hamlet claims, â€Å"You were sent for†¦I know the great lord and sovereign have sent for you. † He at that point proceeds to theorize the reason for this activity; once more, neither of his companions has responded to the first inquiry now. Hamlet’s indiscreet reasoning triggers him to build expansive extrapolations, exclusively dependent on a solitary instinct. Act I, Scene IV of Hamlet acquaints a somewhat new turn with Prince Hamlet’s character than the crowd still can't seem to understanding. In spite of the fact that Hamlet reliably advocates for what he has faith in, the simple appearance of his father’s apparition is everything necessary for him to lose his feeling of reason and method of reasoning. This unconstrained difference in character carries light to Hamlet not being as keen as one would anticipate from a ruler. The Royal Shakespeare Company’s accentuation on this specific scene uncovers Hamlet’s genuine character and foretells the acting and sensational energy that later escalat

How to Start a Food Blog and Make Money 6 Steps to Success!

How to Start a Food Blog and Make Money 6 Steps to Success! .elementor-19992 .elementor-element.elementor-element-19992{text-align:center}Last Updated on March 16, 2020 Disclosure As an independent review site, we get compensated if you purchase through the referral links or coupon codes on this page â€" at no additional cost to you. Dismiss alert Don’t be put off if you don’t know where to start; you don’t need to know how to code or even need to pay any money to get set up. I’ve put together my top tips on how to become a food blogger to get you on your way.Table of Contents Heres how to start a food blog in 6 steps1. Start with an exact niche for your food blog2. Find and buy a domain name for your blog3. Find a good web host4. Organize your recipes with WordPress5. Install a WordPress theme6. Start blogging and making money!How to Start a food Blog and Make MoneyTips on how to become a successful food bloggerHeres how to start a food blog in 6 stepsChoose an exact niche for your blogFind and buy a domain name for your blogFind a good web hostOrganize your recipes with WordPressInstall a WordPress themeStart blogging and making money!1. Start with an exact niche for your food blog Join the FREE TrainingDo You Want To Learn How To Build 6 Figures Authority Sites?Join This Free Training To...Finally have a proven method to finding profitable nichesGet access to a foolproof keyword research methodLearn how to outsource quality contentLearn how to build white hat links to your site without headaches If people can’t find your page then they’ll miss out on all the great stuff you have to offer. You might also want to set up social media accounts to promote your blog, so consider a name that’s easy to use across different platforms.Hopefully, your blog will be around for a long time, so it’s best to plan ahead. If you want to blog all year round then ‘Cassie’s Christmas Cookbook’ won’t be the best option. It’s ok for your blog to evolve, but changing names too often will confuse your readers.I n addition to that, ensure that the name you come up with is descriptive of what you intend to publish. It would not make much sense to your readers if you named your food blog checkmeout.com or helloworld.com; however, a domain name as pronounced as smarteating.com or kitchengirl.com would instantly strike anyone as a food-related blog.Also, if you’re going to set up a professional website, you might want to avoid going for the free version that normally contains the name of the content management system. For instance, if you used the free version of WordPress, your blog domain would read something like www.itsme.wordpress.com. That might rub your readers the wrong way; they may simply conclude that you’re not that serious about what you’re doing.A blog is an investment just like any other. If you are in a position to, by all means, go for a paid version.3. Find a good web hostAt this stage, you already have a domain name of your choice and have checked its availability. No w, the next thing is to get the domain host.Just like the name suggests, a domain host is a platform that specializes in hosting your domain name. A domain name is used in a URL address for a website, such as JustKidding.com. In this example, the domain name is JustKidding.Most hosting platforms offer great discounts during the first year of hosting.We recommend HostGator for this, and with our special deal with HostGator, you can get your hosting for way less than $3 a month. Take a look at the offer by clicking here.4. Organize your recipes with WordPressIf you want to be up and running the same day, I would recommend using an established content management system such as WordPress. It’s super easy to get started and you can choose a custom theme and layout that’s best suited to you and your new blog (here is our choice of a few of the best WordPress themes).Basically, a content management system is an application that allows users to create, edit, organize, and publish conten t such as articles, videos, images, infographics, and much more.A CMS ensures that non-tech savvy users can easily manage their websites with minimal effort.As a blog owner, you’ll have a ton of options to choose from when it comes to a content management system. Some of the popular CMS options include Drupal, WordPress, and Joomla, among others.Nonetheless, only a few may be worth your money.In this guide, we’ll use WordPress for four good reasons:WordPress is the most popular CMS today, powering 33% of websites around the world by January 2019 (the second CMS player comes in with a distant 3%).As you will find out, it is highly customizable.WordPress boasts of some of the best website themes.It is low maintenance and free to use.Of course, there are numerous other reasons why more than one billion websites are powered by WordPress today, essentially making it the most recommended tool for starting a food blog or any other website.5. Install a WordPress themeYou should ensure t hat the theme you choose is responsive to different devices. Most website views come from mobiles or tablets, particularly if you’re reaching out to your reader base through social media platforms such as Instagram. Therefore your page needs to be easy to read and navigate on a smaller screen; a responsive design will adjust to any size.There are tons of themes to choose from, many of which are free but you can also pay for more bespoke or specialized themes.You want your website visitors to be able to find the recipe they’re after or browse for inspiration with ease. Choose a few main headings to feature at the top of your page such as ‘Veggie’, ‘Light Lunches’ and ‘Desserts’. Under this, you can have sub-categories to help your readers narrow it down but don’t overload them with too many choices.As your recipe catalog builds up you can keep posts organized with different categories and tags, these could include ingredients, types of the meal or festive seasons. Y ou can also add a search bar to your page which is great for searching by keywords or ingredients.Make your recipes Look greatTo help your readers easily follow your recipes, you want to make them easy to read and look great too! Ensure that a clear list of ingredients is displayed either at the start of the post or is easy to find somewhere else. You might also want to give other helpful information such as preparation and cooking time, difficulty level, spiciness and number of servings.Great blog images not only show off your skills and tempt your readers to try the recipes, but they also serve as a great visual reference for those trying it out at home. As well a picture of the finished meal, consider also including images of the recipe process when you go along.Try to keep your images consistent; find a spot which is clutter-free, has good lighting and you can use each time you create a new dish. Here are some more tips for taking great food photos.6. Start blogging and making m oney!See info below for more on this, but we also have a great post about how bloggers make money and another on how to monetize a blog that you might find helpful once you are set up.How to Start a food Blog and Make MoneyI know, your biggest question lies in how to start a food blog AND make money. well, first and foremost you will want to build up a large and loyal following. Here are a few tips to help with this.Tips on how to become a successful food bloggerTo remain competitive, consider applying the following tips:Stay consistent: It is one thing to start a blog and another to keep it running. Once you’ve built your blog, the heavier work of keeping it running begins. Understand that keeping your blog running doesn’t mean you publish content every now and then. You must regularly publish valuable content. You’ll need to understand what exactly your readers wish to read and not just what feels good to publish. We’ve explained this further in this post.Carve a name for yourself: By this, I mean you should be authentic and as original as possible while keeping in mind what your readers want. Instead of trying so hard to be that brilliant vegan food blogger you’re not, why not make something unique using your expertise in Italian dishes? Ensure that you bring fresh ideas to your readers if you’re looking to boost your traffic and ultimately make some money off your art.Go the extra mile that others won’t: Believe it when I tell you, readers will be grateful for your extra efforts. Avoid copy-pasting images of dishes or even recipes. Why not experiment with your own recipes and see how it turns out? And while you are at it, rather than look for free images for websites, take photos yourself or record your own videos. This demonstrates to your readers your level of commitment to what you do, and they’ll not disappoint when you need them to reciprocate. And when you commit to this line of blogging, you’ll realize that it is much easier to mai ntain high productivity.Have fun: That’s right! Have you ever realized that you tend to craft the best pieces of writing whenever you’re not doing it for the money? Well, I have. As a food blogger, you’ll interact with a wide range of people including experienced chefs or individuals looking to learn something in your niche. The moment they read your content and realize how not-so-great it is, you can almost guess when they’ll come back to your blog â€" never, right? My point is, strive to write like a foodie and not a professor of Atomic Physics; sometimes it doesn’t have to be that serious!Promoting your blog through social media: An Instagram account is great for posting pictures of your latest creations and encouraging people to visit your blog for the full recipe. It can also alert your followers to new recipes and ensure they keep up to date with your latest news.Once you’re quite well established, food brands might sponsor you to create great recipes with their pr oducts. Hosting adverts on your site is a common method used amongst food bloggers and if you work hard to grow your following then you might get the chance to publish your own cookbook.Now you know how to start a food blog and become a great food blogger, the rest is up to you! I hope you found this guide on how to start a food blog helpful, here’s a reminder of the most important tips:Be unique: find your niche or specialty.Choose a great themeCome up with a memorable nameMake your website user-friendlyClear recipes and great pictures are a winning comboGrow a loyal reader base to help earn moneyAbove all else, have fun with it and enjoy your new creative outlet!Ready to start? Check out our special deal with Hostgator to get started cheaply here.

The Day That Changed My Life - 955 Words

The seven words that I despised hearing, especially as a kid, and not having spoken a word in English with the exception of basic introductions. The day that changed my life was when I was eight-years old, my parents said in the most optimistic tone that.â€Å"We are moving to the United States!† These words were my greatest undoing and the thought of leaving never crossed my mind ever. I remember being speechless and wanting to cry, but could not bring myself to. I wanted to stay in Tokyo, Japan in the dark-wooden, two story house with tatami floors, and the sliding doors that were connected to each room, because it held the most precious memories of hide-and-go-seek to playing sumo matches against my cousins. However, my older sister bawled and begged my parents. To let us stay in Japan and that they could go. But my parents wanted all of us to stick together because family sticks together no matter what for the good in the worst of times. I remember trying to stay strong, j ust like Anpanman even though deep down I wanted to throw a fit because I hated change. My last day at school for me was something I cherished and remembered, even to this day because having to attend an all-girl school from preschool to third grade was something that I had conformed to, the fun classes that I had enjoyed like playing the violin to kanji writing, and deep down I was sad having to leave behind the friends that I had known since kindergarten. I remember my father explaining to my sister and IShow MoreRelatedThe Day That Changed My Life1258 Words   |  6 PagesThe Day That Changed My Life Only 38% of girls who have a child before the age of eighteen get a high school diploma. Thankfully with my motivation and support I was on the positive side of this statistic. Even though I have come a long way within the past year, it has been a year full of challenges and emotions. 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We were what you would call the â€Å"outcasts† at Herbert high schoolRead MoreA Day That Changed My Life1616 Words   |  7 PagesNever Forget September 11,2001 a day that some of us might not remember too well because of our age, or a day that sticks out too many like a sore thumb. For my family, this is a day that will never be erased from our memory. My Dad had been commuting for work back and forth between Belleville, Illinois and New York City, while my Mom stayed home with my sister and I. I was six at the time and my younger sister Lauren was two. It was an ordinary Tuesday for us. My Dad would be gone the whole weekRead MoreThe Day That Changed My Life859 Words   |  4 Pages2006, the day that had a change in my life. The day I first came to America. Coming to America was one of the hardest things I ever had to do in my life. Knowing I m leaving my own country, my friends and relatives behind saddened me. Leaving my homeland, Vietnam, meant that I had to learn a completely new different language and make new friends. When I first came here I was only 9 years old; I did not know anything. I had always thought I was going to spend the rest of my life in my country, sinceRead MoreA Day That Changed My Life969 Words   |  4 PagesMay 25, 2013, a day that would forever change my life. The day that I knew that with a simple piece of paper my life would be filled with endless possibilities. On this day I graduated high school. To some this is not what they would call a milestone in life and that it could be achieved by anyone but to an eighteen-year-old, African American, female, living in a small rural town that is heavy laden with poverty, this is the most memorable moment of my entire life and somehow I imagine that this

Cell Phones And Its Effects On Society - 1793 Words

Every day technological ideas are developed by marketers to create the next big thing in electronic devices so that it makes people’s lives more convenient. Cell phones as an example is used in the article, â€Å"Our Cell Phones, Our Selves† by Christine Rosen to discuss how it changed the lives of people in society. Overtime, new developments of cell phones has allow people to contact each other and to explore the internet with just a touch of a finger. This electronic device has made huge hits for businesses and corporations because of how much profit they get from millions and millions of consumers. However, people don’t realize that there is also negative consequences using mobile phones because it mainly decreases the communication in†¦show more content†¦A similar perspective to Rosen’s idea is a writer named Laura Jerpi who writes for the South Source website. She emphasizes Rosen’s idea through her interviews with the psychologist D r. Lisabeth S. Medlock that people spend majority of their time with their phone on social media like Facebook and Twitter. Not only adults are affected by this, but their own children are conforming to this kind of society which decreases the quality time spent in a family. Interactive time is significant because it is where people connects with each other and express their feelings and if people are spending most of their time on their electronics then families will lose that face-to-face communication. However in another interview with a general studies director named Tony Starkweather, he gives a different perspective that differs from Rosen’s idea. He mentions, â€Å"The mobile phone has made it easier to amplify those mistakes† (Jerpi). In his opinion he believes that phones are not decreasing our communication, only to enhance it. High School is the appropriate age when a child should be given a cell phone and there should parental controls when they are accessing the Internet. Parents think that giving their kids phones will allow them to easily contact their child and that they will be safer with a phone. Marguerite Reardon, a senior writer at CNET who gives advices about technology, believes that

The American Public Education System - 913 Words

In American two out of three eighth-graders can’t read proficiently and for African American and Hispanic students across the country dropout rates are close to 40 percent and those were just two of the many ways the American Education System has failed its members. Education in the United States is provided by public schools and private schools. Public education is universally required at the kindergarten through twelfth grade level. Budgets and policies are set through locally elected school boards, who have jurisdiction over individual school districts. State governments set overall educational standards, often mandate standardized tests for K–12 public school systems, and supervise, usually through a board of regents, state colleges and universities. Funding for public schools come from the state, local, and federal government. However, with all the aforementioned points of intervention is a new issue which only serves to reinforce my thesis that the American Public Education System or APES for short is a static system in which over governing, overcrowding, and forced assimilation have run rampant. In recent years the APES has been undergoing a crisis in which academic performance has been falling behind other countries such as Russia, Japan, and China in core subjects. While there seems to be a lack of public knowledge about this pressing issue its precedence still speaks volumes about what is currently happing within our country. In comparison to countriesShow MoreRelatedThe American Public Education System2331 Words   |  10 Pagesproblems in the American public education system today. Some of those include the quality of teachers, who have no real passion for the job, and are only allowed to remain in the position because of tenure privileges. Another issue is the state budgets that are allowed for public schools, with some states investing billions of dollars, and others prioritizing it lower on the list. In hot debate today is stand ardized testing, and the negative effect that it has on high school education, with the limitsRead MoreThe American Public Education System Essay1515 Words   |  7 PagesThink Outside The Box Tired of the same old routine? Too much pressure is being put on high school students; some students do not even know how to cope with it. The way that the American public education system has planned to make these individuals succeed is really not how it should be. Students are being taught information that will not be as useful once they become adults. Students should be able to receive the knowledge they need in order to succeed in life. Students need an opportunity to beRead MoreThe Corporate Side Of American Public Education And The Reformists Misled Beliefs That The School System1389 Words   |  6 PagesDiane Ravitch explores the corporate side of American public education and the reformists’ misled beliefs that the school system is in crisis. The school reforms in place are disguised as a means of improving public education, when in reality it has become an objective to â€Å"replace public education with a privately managed, free-market system of schooling† (Ravitch, p.4). Diane Ravitch supports her claim that the reformation movement has poor intentions with multiple sources of evidence. AmongRead MoreImmigrant Children and U.S Education1257 Words   |  6 PagesAware of the free education provided by the United States government to any school age children, immigrants both legal and illegal continue to be attracted to the United States, migrating in an attempt to provide better opportunities for their families and themselves. As the number of illegal immigrants living in the United states continues to rise and the percentage of illegal immigrant households which consist of children also continues to rise, it is important for the American government to examineRead MoreThe Future Of The American Public School System1344 Words   |  6 PagesThe school system must be restructured. The future of the American public school system is significant because the maintenance of an informed and productive citizenry is vital to the future of this country. Historically Americans have strongly asserted the importance of public schools in a democracy and despite growing disdain for the perceived value of the school system, public schools remain central to democracy in the United States. For more than a century, America s public schools haveRead MoreThe School System Of The United States961 Words   |  4 Pagespractices, the U.S., once the biggest global force in education, has seen its dominance slowly slip out, and its educational status fall even lower than that of several third-world countries. The decline experienced in American school system academic achievement is not as a result of lack of funding, but as a consequence of the overall educational system watering down. According to Gatto, educating children through the existing public school system of America is crippling rather than helping them. FromRead MoreThe Education System Of The American School System961 Words   |  4 Pagespractices, the U.S., once the biggest global force in education, has seen its dominance slowly slip out, and its educational status fall even lower than that of several third-world countries. The decline experienced in American school system academic achievement is not as a result of lack of funding, but as a consequence of the overall educational system watering down. According to Gatto, educating children through the existing public school system of America is crippling rather than helping them. FromRead MoreGoals of Public Education Essay780 Words   |  4 PagesGoals of American Public Education TJC National University Foundations of Education/TED 602 January 13, 2012 Professor KL Goals of American Public Education Public education in America began in the early to mid-19th century with the simple goal of â€Å"uniting the American population by instilling common moral and political values† (Spring, 2012, p. 5). Our country was founded by men who designed the constitution so that it could be amended to accommodate changing political and social climatesRead MoreThe American Public School System1712 Words   |  7 PagesIf American schools want meet the needs of the twenty-first century, they must be reinvented. It is not enough to fix the schools; they must be rebuilt in both fundamental and radical ways. The future of the American public school system is significant because the livelihood of an informed and productive citizen is vital to the future of this country. Historically, Americans have strongly asserted the importance of public schools in a democracy and despite the growing hatred for the face value ofRead MoreEssay on Private Schools Will Not Fix the American Education System14 22 Words   |  6 PagesWill Not Fix the American Education System    The American public education system was founded on the radical notion that all members of society should have equal access to education. Also crucial was the notion that a basic common education was essential for a true democracy. This revolutionary system is now in indisputable trouble. Many worry about America’s ability to compete with foreign countries while others address the growing dichotomy between the quality of education in different economic

Kabbalah free essay sample

Inner Light Kabbalah Research Paper Judaism is the foundation for many other religions, particularly the study of Kabbalah. There are many references to mysticism and mystical experiences in Judaic teachings, including prophetic dreams and visions and interactions with G-d and angels. Ancient Jews were not allowed to even study these teachings until they completed their study of the Torah after the age of forty. And, then, Kabbalah was studied by only a select few who could truly understand its meanings and power. Kabbalah tries to answer the theological questions of heaven and hell, life after death, our reason for existence, G-d and the universe. What sets Judaism and Kabbalah apart is the way the Holy Scriptures are interpreted. Kabbalah followers believe that there are hidden meanings in the Holy Scriptures and once they understand those they will be granted divine status. Known as a form of Jewish mysticism, Kabbalah is unique in its beliefs and practices and is like no other organized mainstream religion. We will write a custom essay sample on Kabbalah or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Followers of Kabbalah, known as Kabbalists, believe that G-d taught the secrets of the Holy Scriptures to a group of angels. Those angels came down to earth in human form and taught the religion to the Israelites. Writings of the Kabbalah date back to the first centuries B. C. E. While Judaism is based on the Torah, Kabbalah has a completely different interpretation of the Holy Scriptures. The Torah is the laws and teachings of Judaism. It is also known as the Books of Moses or the first five books of the Old Testament, which include Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. Kabbalah scriptures include the Book of Zohar or Book of Splendor. The Zohar is a five-volume mystical commentary on the Torah. The Book of Zohar was presented in the thirteenth century by Moses De Leon who claimed the book contained the mystical writings of the second century sage Rabbi Shimon Bar Yohai. Almost all modern academic scholars believe that De Leon wrote the text himself, but Orthodox Kabbalists accept his claim that Bar Yohai wrote them. Kabbalah also studies the teachings in the scripture Sefer Yetzirah, or the Book of Formation, which talks about Creation. Some believe that Abraham, who is known as the father of the Jewish people, wrote Sefer Yetzirah. Kabbalistic study includes a Sephiroth Tree, which organizes the ten basic principals of life. Kabbalah teaches that immortality can be obtained through the understanding of the letters and numbers included in the Holy Scriptures. The hidden meanings in the numbers and letters can only be understood with magical powers. Kabbalists believe that the truth of G-d and the universe can be found in the Sephirot Tree of Life. It organizes and pictures the ten numbers that are the working principals of life. Each of the branches is interconnected and is how G-d interacts with the universe. The ten branches correspond to the qualities of G-d. Kabbalists believe that when the tenth branch is reached, the soul can enter immortality and know G-d. Kabbalists believe that G-d is transcendent and fills every void in both the spiritual universe and the physical universe. The structure of the Sephiroth Tree of Life is important. There are three columns and the roots of the tree are above the branches. The ten Sefirot includes both masculine and feminine qualities. Kabbalah emphasizes the feminine aspects of G-d. The ten branches are: 1 Kether Being/Existence (Will/Selflessness) 2 Chochmah Wisdom (Pure Thought/Connectedness) Binah Intelligence/Understanding (Differentiation/Repentance) 4 Chesed Mercy/Love (Compassion/Healing) 5 Geburah Strength/Severity (Discipline/Boundaries) 6 Tiphareth Beauty (Balance/Harmony) 7 Netzach Firmness (Leadership/Conference) 8 Hod Glory (Dependence/Vulnerability) 9 Yesod Foundation (Union of Male and Female) 10 Malkuth Kingdom Divine (Exile/Physical) There are three different divi sions of Kabbalah Prophetic, Theosophical, and Practical. Prophetic Kabbalah contains detailed instructions for meditative practices, as well as philosophical explanations of what is going on when those practices work. Prophetic Kabbalists believe that language is the core structure of creation and that the meaning of life can be discovered through language. Theosophical Kabbalah explains the nature of G-d, his relationships to man, and how the world was created. In essence, Theosophical Kabbalah aims to explain the structure of this universe that we live in. â€Å"The critical error all of us make, because of how beautifully human nature is designed, is that we suppose that form is separate and real. † Lastly, Practical Kabbalah examines the different experiences that humans go through in their lives. Practical Kabbalists believe in angels and demons, ways to influence the appearance of G-d, fortune telling and understanding ones past lives. The three sections of Kabbalah all have their own specific philosophies yet they are all still linked with the core beliefs of general Kabbalah. Many philosophers and Rabbis have contributed to the growth of Kabbalah throughout time. Abraham Abulafia was one of the first visionary Kabbalah teachers. He was most well known for being a wandering mystic and teacher throughout Spain during the thirteenth century. Moshe Cordovero created the first real school of Kabbalah in Israel in the sixteenth century and laid the groundwork for Kabbalistic thought. During the eighteenth century in Poland, Rabbi Israel Baal Shem Tov founded Hasidism, which is the ultra-orthodox movement based on many of the Kabbalah teachings. Many passages from Kabbalistic sources are still included in traditional Hasidic prayer books. Beginning in the twentieth century, Jews of other denominations besides Hasidism and many non-Jewish followers began to study and practice Kabbalah. However many traditional Jews do not take Kabbalah and its study of mysticism very seriously. One prominent Orthodox scholar said, its nonsense, but its Jewish nonsense, and the study of anything Jewish, even nonsense, is worthwhile. Prayer is an important part of Kabbalah. Kabbalists pray in Hebrew since it is the original language of God. Shabbat is celebrated as the day of rest in the Jewish religion and is a day of quiet, solitude, and reflection. Regardless of one’s belief in the mysticism of the ancient texts, Kabbalah allows a person to feel connected to G-d and the universe in a contemplative and personal way. Kabbalah is truly unique in its beliefs and practices. Works Cited Melton, J. Gordon. The Encyclopedia of American Religions. Wilmington, NC: McGrath Pub. , 1978. Gale Cenage. Web. 12 May 2013. The Kabbalah Centre.   The Kabbalah Centre. N. p. , n. d. Web. 11 May 2013. lt;http://www. kabbalah. com/gt;. Kabbalah.   Kabbalah. N. p. , n. d. Web. 11 May 2013. lt;http://www. jewishvirtuallibrary. org/jsource/Judaism/kabbalah. htmlgt;. Kabbalah and Jewish Mysticism. Judaism 101. N. p. , n. d. Web. 13 May 2013. lt;www. jewfaq. org/kabbalah. htm? gt;. Kabbalah amp; Mysticism in Jewish Thought. N. p. , n. d. Web. 13 May 2013. lt;http://www. myjewishlearning. com/beliefs/Theology/Kabbalah_and_Mysticism. shtmlgt;. |

Abortion the Pope and Peter Singer essays

Abortion the Pope and Peter Singer essays Abortion is one of the most controversial issues today. It has become a question of not only ethics, but morals. In the 1973 case of Roe v Wade the Supreme Court ruled that a woman has the right to terminate a pregnancy by abortion within the first six months of the pregnancy. However, conservative Presidents have changed the legislation enough to allow states to restrict abortion in various ways (Practical Ethics, Peter Singer). In the following paper, I will summarize the views on abortion of Pope John Paul II and philosopher, Peter Singer. These two men have very conflicting opinions This argument is very adamantly against abortion. It is also a religiously based argument. He uses exerts from the Bible and other religious documents and quotes many different clergymen and priests to help defend his position. He starts by explaining how you must follow the ten commandments to live a good life and have eternal life. Jesus replied, If you would enter life, keep the commandments (Mt 19:17). The first of these ten commandments is You shall not kill. On the contrary, you should love respect and promote life (The Gospel of Life, Paul II). In order to do this, one must carry out Gods plan of procreation with love and intentions to multiply. By having an abortion, one is doing the exact opposite. Not only are they killing an innocent human being, but they are killing a child of God. Also, man is not the final judge in matters such as life and death, he is only a minister of Gods plan (Humanae Vitae, Paul VI). Paul II goes on to explain how human life is sacred and inviolable. Life is sacred because it is a gift from God and man was created in the image of God. God overlooks our lives from birth to death, and no one else has the right to destroy an innocent human being, especially one as inno...

Mobile and Wearable Devices Industry

Mobile and Wearable Devices Industry Introduction The last decade has experienced enormous innovations that have led to a swift revolution of the mobile and wearable devices industry. As a result, the mobile device market has significantly expanded.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Mobile and Wearable Devices Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The development of telecommunication technology has compelled many firms such as Lenovo to manufacture high-tech mobile and wearable devices such as Bluetooth headsets, blood pressure monitors, and smart watches among others. The mobile industry consists of manufacturers and distributors of smart phones, mobile accessories, and tablets among other electronics. Nonetheless, the industry has been faced with a variety of issues that affect its operations. This report provides an analysis of the key trends and industry issues that affect the mobile and wearable devices industry. Key Trends and Industry Issues C onsumer Services The trend of consumer services has significantly shaped the mobile and wearable devices industry. According to Taylor, the key players in the industry have significantly increased consumer services over the past decade (par. 4). Dramatic development of mobile device technologies has also affected the roles of operators and vendors. In the wake of the expanding mobile and wearable devices industry, some companies such as the Motorola Mobility Holdings Inc. have failed to meet the needs of consumers. As a result, Google has sold a unit of the US based mobile company to Lenovo, a Chinese computer company, for approximately 3 billion dollars (Kelion par.1). This acquisition is one of Lenovo’s strategic plans to become a global icon in the consumer market through delivery of smartphones and Think-Pads. According to Kelion, this purchase will make Lenovo the third largest smart device manufacturer in the international arena (par. 6).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Scott advances that operators in the mobile industry need to re-evaluate the effects of producer environment on consumer services (par. 2). In addition, manufacturers such as Lenovo have to capitalize on espousal of smartphones to maximize profitability. Moreover, the consumer market has experienced dramatic price structures. The current pricing structures have been confined to certain customer segments. Therefore, operators in the mobile industry should re-examine the existing pricing models to determine their validity in a vibrant technology environment. The consumer market requires pricing strategies that cover wide-ranging customer segments. For instance, Lenovo’s acquisition will lead to establishment of new markets in areas such as North America, Latin America, and Western Europe (Kelion par. 8). As a result, Lenovo’s pricing strategies should favour diversification of mobile devices to offer consumers a vast range of choices (Scott par. 3). Lastly, the emergence of new devices has enormously affected consumer services. Consequently, there is a need for Lenovo to assess both the purchasing power and usage patterns to improve the experiences of consumers. Digitisation of the Employee Mobile and wearable devices manufacturers such as Lenovo should target digitisation of employees to increase motivation and maximize profits. This plan will also increase profitability for the producer companies through the sale of high-end technology devices. For instance, improved healthcare technology will enhance the health of employees through reinforcement of health insurance plans. The health of an employee is important for alleviation of retrogressive work behaviours such as absenteeism.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Mobile and Wearable Devices Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This situation enhances production at employee level; hence, it elevates the production level of a company. Although employee healthcare plans have existed for some years, they have been less efficient. However, the availability of high-tech mobile gadgets that have powerful wireless capabilities has led to implementation of integrated technologies that enable management of health. According to Leung, various software technologies have been used in sophisticated gadgets such as the Apple’s iPhone to monitor health conditions such as hypertension and blood oxygenation (par. 7). Similarly, Lenovo should aim at development of smart gadgets that have the capability to monitor numerous events whilst maintaining a high degree of efficiency and accuracy to improve productivity at both employee and organizational levels. Benefits to Production Department Introduction of wearable technology in the retail business has continued to intensify productivity. Googleâ⠂¬â„¢s Motorola unit has been a chief manufacturer of various wireless connectivity enabled devices that ease communication between employees, employers, and customers. Consequently, Lenovo’s acquisition of the Motorola unit is expected to turn the company into a chief manufacturer and distributor of smart wireless mobile and wearable devices. This situation will improve the experiences of both vendors and consumers in the retail industry (Kelion par. 5). Today’s smartphones have exceptional capabilities to support sophisticated internet functions that have enhanced access to information and communication. According to Leung, continued use of wearable technology in the retail industry is expected to increase the output efficiency by approximately 8.5-percent in the next 2 to 3 years (par. 1).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Various studies have indicated that wearable technology can also improve the level of employee contentment by over 3.6-percent. On a different perspective, wearable technology has enhanced productivity by it scrupulous payment capabilities. This situation has elevated the transactional levels between producers, retailers, and consumers (Leung par. 4). PEST Analysis Political, Economic, Social, and Technological (PEST) factors determine a firm’s volume of production and distribution capacity based on the prevailing market conditions, interest rates, and consumer behaviour. Song reveals that the PEST factors have a greatly influenced manufacturing and distribution of various products in the mobile and wearable industry (9). Politically, governments worldwide require mobile and wearable devices to meet some desired standards that are set to control product quality, manufacturing, and distribution. Global economic landscapes have intensely affected the operations of the mobile in dustry. Therefore, Lenovo’s prospective business in areas such as North America, Latin America, and Western Europe will raise a need for normalization of prices based on the prevailing market conditions and interest rates. In addition, the company should also maintain a constant focus on the social aspects of target consumers. Fashion has become a key driver for consumer preferences. Consumers have developed a high affinity for new mobile phone models. Therefore, companies such as Lenovo should design and improve the models of their mobile and wearable devices to suit the demands of consumers (Song 11). Lastly, the ever-changing technological landscape has significantly shaped the mobile and wearable devices industry. Devices that have a wider range of features and accessories are more attractive to consumers; hence, they dominate the market due to their versatility. Conclusion and Recommendations The report has provided an analysis of the key issues that affect the mobile an d wearable devices industry based on a recent acquisition by Lenovo. The availability of mobile and wearable devices in both production and distribution channels will lead to increased output efficiency. Constant innovation has rendered the future of technology indeterminate. Therefore, Lenovo has an impending potential to exploit mobile and wearable device capabilities. Kelion, Leo. Google sells Motorola Mobility unit to Lenovo for $3bn, 2014. Web. bbc.com/news/business-25956284. Leung, Stuart. How Wearable Technology Can (And Will) Change Your Business, 2014. Web. http://blogs.salesforce.com/company/2014/07/wearable-technology-business.html. Scott, Martin. Consumer services, 2014. Web. analysysmason.com/Services/Research/Consumer-services/Mobile-Devices/. Song, Hee-Carlie. Analysis of the global Smartphone market and the strategies of its major players, 2010. PDF file. 27 Oct. 2014. http://jgbc.fiu.edu/files/journals/2/articles/36/public/36-150-1-PB.pdf. Taylor, Marcus. 19 Implic ations of Google Glass Wearable Tech on Marketing, 2014. Web. https://www.ventureharbour.com/19-implications-google-glass-wearable-tech-marketing/.

Praxis of Pastoral Counseling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Praxis of Pastoral Counseling - Essay Example As the essay outlines  since individuals today are faced with major problems concerning their social status, it could not be avoided that most issues that are presented to the counselors are involved with the inability of the individuals to gain the things that they ought to gain from the society. Aside from this, the fact that the thoughts of human philosophy are not in full accordance with the principles of the Bible, Christian Counseling faces so much issues as to how it is considered effective by individuals who are expecting counseling assistance.  This paper discusses that the crisis in counseling procedures especially that of the Christian-based procedure of counseling is mainly focused on the practicality and the effectiveness of the said process of counseling. The fact that Christian Counseling is based upon the principles of the Holy Scriptures, and that not so many people believe in the power of the Bible nowadays, questions the power of the word of God to actually aid e individuals with their personal issues and thus be able to solve the said problems in a  Ã‚   more practical and effective procedure. However, through the effective application of the principles of the Bible in actual counseling procedures, these questions could be answered and thus prove the fact that the counsel from God’s word is indeed effective and useful for every believer of the truth.  Counselors are expected to have a special concern on how others are feeling. The emotional display of the situation that they are currently dealing with should be immediately noticed by the counselors. This ability is not at all innate.... g is to have faith that these particular guidance assistances could lead to the betterment of the situations that each individual deals with at present. While God is not at this time performing such direct miracles, Christians today find that if they 'do not waver in a lack of faith,' they, too, can enjoy success when they apply God's direction. Said Jesus: "All things can be to one if one has faith."(Mark 9:23) Since individuals today are faced with major problems concerning their social status, it could not be avoided that most issues that are presented to the counselors are involved with the inability of the individuals to gain the things that they ought to gain from the society (Culbertson, 2000, 10). Aside from this, the fact that the thoughts of human philosophy are not in full accordance with the principles of the Bible, Christian Counseling faces so much issues as to how it is considered effective by individuals who are expecting counseling assistance. (Culbertson, 2000, 262) The crisis in counseling procedures especially that of the Christian-based procedure of counseling is mainly focused on the practicality and the effectiveness of the said process of counseling. The fact that Christian Counseling is based upon the principles of the Holy Scriptures, and that not so many people believe in the power of the Bible nowadays, questions the power of the word of God to actually aide individuals with their personal issues and thus be able to solve the said problems in a more practical and effective procedure. However, through the effective application of the principles of the Bible in actual counseling procedures, these questions could be answered and thus prove the fact that the counsel from God's word is indeed effective and useful for every believer of the

Routine in Business Organizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Routine in Business Organizations - Essay Example A routine is defined as a habit of doing something in a particular order. The pattern of routines in a family calls for a core routine which is followed daily such as waking up, taking breakfast, getting ready for work or school. These routines become almost automatic and take a lot of discipline. Routine is usually considered as a plane or a timetable that determines your day, week or yearly activities. One can take note of the time and the activities that need to be accomplished during those planned times. Therefore, routines are commonplace tasks, chores or duties that must be done regularly, or at specified intervals, typical or in everyday activities. In this literature review a critical examination of the context of routine, its use and application in business organizations as well as in the field of psychology where routine is sometimes integral to the intervention strategies, is explored. Also included in this review is the model of routines applied in management and psychology. It is imperative that a clear understanding of the concept of routine be derived from previous research. Hodgson, in his critical analysis of Nelson and Winter's "Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change" (1982), found that the authors sometimes defined routine as genotypes or attributable to dispositions and sometimes it is defined as phenotypes or attributed to behavior (363).. He presents genotypes as "the generative rule" that includes "the forms, rules, procedures, conventions, strategies, and technologies" that are "inherent in ingrained individual habits and in organizational routines." (364) Hence, habits and dispositions are conditional, dependent on the generative mechanisms that produce behavior. The appropriate definition for routine would be: "A routine is an executable capability for repeated performance in some context that [has] been learned by an organization in response to selective pressures." Therefore, routines in the management case are potentialities, not behavior. In the world of psychology today, psychoanalysis is specifically and centrally about those 'murky concepts'. Over the last couple of years cognitive psychology has become focused of the study of emotion made by philosophers, psychologists and neuroscientist rather than traditional cognitive scientists. Another alternative to psychoanalysis is socio-biology; a subtler and more promising form called Darwinian Psychology, also uses evolutionary variable to explain human behaviour which focuses on emotion though their descriptions are ingrained from intuition theories and are articulated from different ways of reacting to struggle for survival. These explanations are all speculation, which are not necessarily true factors (Young, 2008). Another down point with psychology and routine is that psychologists seem to have no greater interest in routine and scheduling, when they should have because of the high impact it plays on human's life and behaviour. One can learn a lot concerning the hu man mind, behaviour, and the social aspects of behaviour as well. But there are no focuses on how routine can affect ones' behaviour, life style, and even the impact of stress. Surprisingly, the bulk of research deals with only a small number or routine- related topics. Many of today's psychology articles on routine focuses on broad topics like the impact of routine in the work

Use of Colour in Art and Architecture

Use of Colour in Art and Architecture The use of colour in history has gone through a long story. It has been used because of its ability in altering mood and atmosphere, and also because of its symbolic meanings. The earliest known usage of colour in interior spaces started when man drew on walls of caves and tombs, which continues with the application on cathedrals, palaces, and ordinary homes. However, despite the usage in daily life, therere times when the potential of colour is forgotten. Few causes such as the movement Minimalism and the term chromophobia are part of it. But considering its ability in altering perception of space and creating direct connection with the user, should we re-examine the use of colour in modern architecture in order to prove its value? The usage of colour has been involved in the architectural development in ancient Egypt and Greece. It has been used mostly because of the association of colour with certain symbolism in the cultures. Ancient Egypt, one of the most documented civilizations, used paintings on walls and ceilings in order to tell the story of their civilization, from daily life to battle scenes. Earth pigments are used in creating these paintings red, yellow ochre, also green, blue, purple, black, white, and gray. Each colour is used to symbolise certain aspects, for example red ochre for skin colour of men, while yellow is used for the women. While in the Greece history, the Palace of Knossos, is a distinct example of the use of colour in its architecture. The most outstanding feature in the building is its large red and black columns (Rompilla, Ethel, 2005). Palace of Knossos Based on these examples, we realize that colour can be used to create certain effects in its application, either symbolically or structurally. In the Palace of Knossos, colour is able to manipulate the appearance of the building. The colour red and black applied creates a distinct feature in the building. Even in its usage in symbolism, colour creates relation with certain people. This kind of occurrence, relation between colour and certain culture, still lives nowadays. We can see how certain culture is associated with certain colour. For example, the Japanese is often associated with the subtlety of white and blue. On the other hand, Mexico is associated with brighter colour tones. For these people, the colour chosen can serve as a connection between them and their culture and therefore its application is more than just decoration. This is one of the aspects which can be used as a consideration in applying colour in architecture. The colours in Japan culture ( left ) and Mexico ( right ) Association with culture and impact on structure will contribute on how objects and spaces perceived by the viewer. More on this issue will be examined thoroughly in the next chapters. THE REDISCOVERY OF COLOUR: Towards a Dynamic Architecture Colour Throughout History Considering the importance of colour in everyday life, to observe what has been done in its usage in the past, is part of knowing to what extent colour has achieved in its application. Therefore, the following is an observation on the role of colour in three ancient civilization, Egypt, Greece, and Rome. The observation will focus on the role of colour not only in its symbolic meaning to a particular culture, but also in terms of creation of arts. These include paintings, ceramics, sculpture, and also architecture. 1. Egypt Egyptian civilization,(3000-500 B.C.E), had developed an advanced creation in arts. Colour, was used as an integral part in the process. The colours of the Egyptian were obtained from finely ground minerals, and mixed with a tempera base, material prepared from glue or egg albumen. In the later time, they began to get colour pigments from inorganic sources, too. The ten basic colours being used by the Egyptians are white, gray, yellow, burnt umber, brown, red, green, blue, violet, and black. In portrait paintings, the Egyptian always used black for eyes and hair. This practice is also used in portrait sculptures to outline the sculptures, resulting an enhanced colours and defined shapes. 2. Greece The recorded history of Greek civilization spans from about 800 B.C.E to 250 B.C.E. Colour was widely used in ancient Greek. It was also applied in their human figures sculpture. These figures did not look like what we see nowadays as colourless sculptures. In its production, these figures used to be coloured with vivid-coloured paints. However, time and weather caused these colours to fade, leaving these sculptures colourless as we see them nowadays. In terms of the colour palettes they used, the Greece has its foundation from the Egyptian. They used white, light brown (ochre), purple (reddish violet also known as Tyrian purple), black (from soot and smoke), yellow, yellow-orange, brown, gray, green (known as Greek green or verdigris), and blue. The colour Tyrian purple was used in the later civilization of Roman, however it was the Greeks who found it first. Plato wrote about the importance of the Tyrian purple in his Republic, indicating its usage in various major rites, such as births, deaths, and marriages. And also about how the colour was perceived by the Greeks as the most beautiful colours due to its equal proportions of dark and light. Tyrian purple ( left ) and Greek green or Verdigris ( right ) 3. Rome The Romans usage of colour were mostly influenced by the tradition of Greeks, this includes their colour palettes and usage in arts. However, unlike the Greece admiration to tyrian purple, the most popular colour in the civilization was red, which was reflected in the ruins of Pompeii. Red colour dominates the walls of Pompeii ruins The colour palettes used are mostly similar but brighter than the Greeks. They are white, black, warm red, Tyrian purple, blue green, foliage green. Yellow, earth brown, purple, sea foam green, cool red, and gray. As how weve read about the history on how different colours were used in the civilization, the tradition of colour as a symbol of culture is still carried along nowadays. However, besides its relation to culture, theres another concern regarding on how colour is perceived based on science. The findings are regarded as an important achievement which helps to enhance the sensation perceived, especially in terms of arts and design. Colour Theory Take a good look round and youll see that everything is coloured. K. Schippers In order to understand the colour sensation, one must first understand how our eyes perceive them. Colour, dissolving perfectly in our life, may seem as a very normal experience. But it actually is a very important aspect in our vision because it plays a big part in shaping our visual perception. So, what is colour? Colour, in physics and optics, is defined as component parts of light (Fisher, Pat and Zelanski, Paul, 1989). Being able to see colour enables human to differentiate objects seen more easily , compared to what might possibly be seen in only shades of gray ( known as monochromatic vision). The benefits of seeing colour is absent in some animals. Animals such as dogs, dont experience colour vision. This condition causes that they can only spot other creatures, for example rabbits, only if they move. The experience of seeing colour would not be possible if not because of the assistance of light in our vision. Our eyes perceive differences in light frequencies just as how we perceive differences in sound frequencies with our ears. While differences in sound frequencies enable us to hear different pitch, differences in light frequencies enable us to see different colour. The colour field that human perceive ranges from the longest visible wavelength (red) to the shortest visible wavelength (violet). Light, in various wavelength and brightness, enters our eyes through cornea, a transparent outer covering. The received light then will be focused on the back of the surface of the eye. The back of the eye is covered by the retina, which contain many layers of cells. The layer which is important in colour vision consist two receptors called rods and cones. Rods enable us to see black and white visions in dim light, while cones enable us to see hues under brighter lighting condition. Hence, through these series of mechanisms, we are able to see colour. An observation of how light affects the colour perceived by human eyes has been done by the French Impressionist, Claude Monet, in creating his works. In the creation of his works, Monet often painted the same scenes, such as haystacks and cathedral face, under different lighting condition. Once, he decided to rent a room opposite Rouen Cathedral and stayed there for months painting the cathedral in different times of the day. It appeared that in full midday sunlight , the facade of the building is washed with gold colour and a slight blue shadow. While at sunset, the surface is coloured pale bluish pink, with lots of oranges and reds in the buildings recesses. Paintings of Rouen Cathedral by Monet Monet is not the only one who was in search of finding the explanation behind the role of colour in human visual perception. Many theorist and authors, spent years researching in order to gain more knowledge about the relation between to assist them in the usage of colour. Their curiosity brought them to a series of experiments in order to find explanation on how colours affect our vision. The studies include examination on the mechanism of eyes and the colours perceived, which also brings about the role of light in affecting the appearance of colours. The first manifesto closest to colour theory was created by an ancient Greek philosopher named Empedocles. He concluded that it is the eye of the observer which perceived colour and that colour is not a property of the object being observed. This idea had been evolving along with the discoveries by other people, such as Aristotle. Aristotle, another Greek philosopher, assumed that the colours were formed by the blending of sunlight, light, fire, and the lack of light in various degrees. The development was continued afterward with people from different backgrounds, such as theorist, authors, and physicist. Some of these people are Sir Isaac Newton, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Albert Munsell, Johannes Itten, and Joseph Albers. Each contributes to the knowledge of colour we use nowadays. The Loss of Colour Being used and developed since the early civilization, there were times when the use of colour is being ignored. The situation is caused by several reasons, such as the idea of white as a better choice than colours, and how this idea is strengthen by the emergence of the Modern Movement and International Style, who preferred the natural colour of the materials, and later on the idea of black, white, and gray in Minimalism. These movements has changed peoples perception of colour and therefore resulting avoidance in its application. 1. Whiteness Though your sins be as scarlet, they shall be as white as snow. Isaiah 1:18, Bible The colour white, through various cultures, has been associated with perfection, innocence, and cleanliness. Colour, on the other hand, is perceived as the opposite of whiteness, which is dirtiness and the less-than-true. The word colour, which is colorem in Latin, is related to celare, means to hide or conceal. In Middle English to colour means to disguise. 2. Chromophobia Another form of rejection of colour is called chromophobia. Chromophobia, based on David Batchelor, is defined as a fear of corruption or contamination through colour. He mentioned that chromophobia manifests itself in the many and varied attempts to purge colour from culture, to devalue colour, to diminish its significance, to deny its complexity. (Batchelor, David, 2000) The rejection of colour happens in two ways. First, colour is perceived as being made out of foreign body- usually the feminine,the vulgar,.In this case, colour is treated as something foreign, something alien'( Batchelor, David, 2000 ) so that it is considered dangerous. Charles Blanc, a colour theorist, identified colour with the feminine in art and as something that cannot be detached from life. Not just that, he even consider colour as a permanent internal threat. Therefore, he came up with the idea of either completely ignoring colour or controlling it, in order to preventing it from ruining everything. Besides defining colour as dangerous, according to David Batchelor, the word chromophobia, is also used for the idea of colour as something superficial, supplementary, and as a secondary quality of experience ( Batchelor, David, 2000 ), which leads to lack of consideration in its usage. This perception also resulting colour being used only as decoration in architecture. This case had happened in the past and was criticized by Vitruvius. He complained that buildings were painted without considering its relation with the architectural form, which means there was not much consideration put in the thought process therefore resulting an unsatisfying project. 3. The Modern Movement, International Style and Minimalism The influence of chromophobia and perception of white as a better choice also had its impact in architecture. It appeared in the form of architectural styles called the Modern Movement and the International Style, which often termed their works as minimal. In this period, light and neutral tones are preferred in the space. White is the most dominant colour because it allows colours and light of the surrounding reflects into the space and that it is felt as natural colour. Colour, on the other hand, is being avoided because it makes a striking contrast with the surrounding. The famous people in this period are Mies van der Rohe and Walter Gropius. Their works, reflecting the idea of Modern Movement, shows restraint use of colour. Instead of using colours, they use the genuine colour and texture from the materials used, such as steel, glass, concrete, masonry, and stone, which dominates their works. Minimalism, another architectural style, is also much associated with the use of white. The term minimalism is applied to works showing reduction in forms, usually created with flat surfaces that reflect a simple and tranquil atmosphere. White colour is chosen as the most dominant colour, since it is seen as colour with pure, smooth, and serene quality, and therefore goes along with the idea of calmness and tranquillity in minimalism. Samuel Wagstaff, an art curator, mentioned that this new aesthetics in black, white, and gray, is aimed to keep the viewer from being biased by the emotionalism of colour. (Meyer, James, 2010). So, white colour, along with black and gray are preferred to be used here. The rejection of colour in architecture does not only happen among the architects, but it also affected the people. A few cases of rejection of colour towards coloured buildings in the past had been experienced by architects. It happened to Belgian architect Huib Hoste, who throughout his career has been experimenting with colours in his works. One of his works, the Zwart Huis ( Black House ), which was created for Raymond de Beir Knokke in 1924 was painted deep black and partly red for its walls. Complains came from the neighbours who felt uncomfortable by the too-striking-colours and on how it broke the harmony within the surrounding environment. In 2001, a similar problem occured with the work by MVRDV. Designing an entire orange office building in a courtyard in Amsterdam, provoked dissapproval from the neighbours who felt annoyed with the orange glow that forced its way to the surrounding homes. Everything around you is orange you didnt ask for it, you didnt want it, but you c ant do anything about it, they said (Komossa, Susanne, 2009, p.254). Colour in Architecture Traces of the perception of white-black-gray as a better choice than colour in spaces can still be seen in todays architecture. However, despite the rejection of colour, few modern architects who believe in the benefits of colour in architecture emerged into practice, for whom the idea of colour was an essential element, opposing the idea of colour as decorations. The first idea of using colour in modern architecture emerged in 1920s, inspired by paintings. Three architects who were known to use colour in their works in this period are Le Corbusier, Theo van Doesburg, and Bruno Taut, but each architect has different approach in applying colour in their works. Theo van Doesburg is the member of De Stijl Movement, an important accomplishment in applying colour in architecture. Other movements using colour as their conceptual design basis are Constructivism and Expressionism. In De Stijl, colour is considered as an important element and is developed as a tool in creating a new spatial experience. The goal of the movement is to achieve an ideal future where walls that separate men would be broken down. The architects of De Stijl believe that the three-dimensional properties of mass and volume is against the goal of the movement, and in order to achieve their goal, these components must be broken down through the use of colours. The method they used is to place colour planes on corners and boundaries, resulting a change in the volume of space. Here, colours were used not just as mere decoration, but it also plays an important part in altering the visual experience of the user spatially. However, Le Corbusier called van Doesburg application on colour as camouflage architectural and disagreed with the use of colour to weakens the physical space or to conceal its actual spatial proportions (Komossa, Susanne, 2009). Opposing this idea, in his work, Le Corbusier coloured the entire wall surfaces to make them an individual elements, so that it would not disturb the spatial effect of the architecture. These coloured walls were used as an intervention against the mostly painted white spaces in the building. The colours here, as Batchelor commented, was used by Le Corbusier to make his architecture even more white. Having a different approach with his two fellows architects, Bruno Tauts intention was to use colour as an agent of social reform. His goal was to create various identities in a large housing estates, where people from overcrowded flats in the backyard of Berlin will be the occupants of the building. Along with the development of colour in architecture, more colour-architects emerged. Some of the recent architects are Luis Barragan and Ricardo Legoretta whose works constantly exhibit the use of vibrant colours. Their usage of such bright colours are influenced by the place where they grow, Mexico. Mexico covered its land with colourful buildings such as red, pink, turquoise, yellow, creating bright figures under the broad amount of sunlight perceived in the country. Luis Barragan used the colours in his building more towards a psychological way which is to evoke dreamlike and surreal atmosphere. While Ricardo Legoretta, inspired by the 20th century mural paintings, focused more on the benefits of colour physically, which is to emphasize shapes and to deny mass of the buildings. Herzog and de Meuron, is also another example of those who supported the usage of colour in modern architecture. The design of their first house in Basle suburb is covered with blue layer that engages the viewer. In the past, colour in architecture was mostly used in order to relate to certain symbolism and culture. But, with the emergence of these architects, the usage of colour in spaces has gone towards a different direction, which is to concern more about how it enhance the perception of space and not just by delivering symbolic meaning or by using it as decorating elements applied on the walls. Looking at the development on how colour is perceived in todays architecture, just as mentioned by Rem Koolhas, the future of colour is looking bright. ( Koolhas, Rem, 2001) Colour Affects Perception of Space: Psychology and Physically The importance of using colour in space is based on the idea of the impact it has on the user of the space. Hence, before further explanation about how the user is affected by the presence of colour in space, the following will first briefly explain the importance of colour in shaping human visual perception. Perception is a critical connection between human and their surrounding environment. It can also refer to a more complicated and higher level of thinking process. Perception enables human beings to decide what has been sensed and then analyze that sensation. Besides absorbing the information received from the sensors, perception also acts as a filter that classifying important and useful information. In architectural design, where work mainly is about the creation of space, perception of space is nevertheless important. In order to perceive the space, one must first sense the space. To sense a space is to become aware of own selfs existence in the space and therefore one is able to distinguish between the self and the surrounding. This is done through the use of human senses, which are hearing, seeing, smell, taste, and touch. But as we always hear, Seeing is believing, visual perception is very important in shaping perception of space. Here, colour can play a major role. As mentioned earlier, colour has the ability to affect our perception of space. It could happen either psychologically and physically. Physically, colour is capable in affecting the size, shape, mass, and volume of a building or an interior space, which means colour has an ability to deceive its viewer. This aspect was observed in Josephs Albers book, Interaction of Colour, as how colour is always never seen as it is in reality, resulting the actual (space perceived by the viewer) and the factual (the physical space border by walls in reality). He also stressed the needs to always keep the idea of colour deceives in mind, in order to use it effectively. The manipulation of a buildings physical structure due to its colour usage is reflected in the High Tech Park project in China. The use of white and blue colour is chosen in order to accentuate each other on the appearance of the facade. The colour blue creates the perception of depth and at the same time, involving the continuous form of the facade, makes the shapes appear longer than it actually is in reality. High Tech Park Project in China In terms of psychological, colour is able to affect the mood of the user of the space. Different tones of colours create different atmosphere in the space. This phenomena was then being observed scientifically in terms of how it affects the health of human body. One of the direct example of this benefits can be seen in chromotherapy. Chromo therapy, or colour therapy, is the practice of using coloured light and colour in the environment to cure specific illness and in general to bring about beneficial health effect ( Hope and Walch, 1990, p.75). The study on chromo therapy is based on the discovery of how our bodies, acting like prisms, absorb white light and other colours, too. The therapy involves the use of natural light that is filtered through a certain colour of glass. For example, patient with migraine will be treated with sunlight filtered through blue glass, and depression can be treated with red light. Shower Chromotherapy gives beneficial effect The ability of colour to heal creates the opportunity for application in healthcare spaces such as clinics and hospitals. However, as mentioned earlier, colour does not only affect human psychology in terms of healing, but also in terms of altering the mood of the viewer. Based on peoples daily activities which are either active or passive, we can differentiate between the needs of stimulation and the needs to rest. Therefore the role of colour in the space is to offer atmosphere/moods that support stimulation and calmness to the viewer. Balancing between both in the same space can result a dynamic environment and avoid monotonous atmosphere created by a single colour. The sense of balance between the two conditions can be achieved through controlling the degree of brightness in the space, because it is the aspect that determines the mood created by colours. The psychological effect of colour on human body was also written by Kandinsky. He wrote, Various attempts to exploit this power of colour and apply it to different nervous disorders have again noted that red light has an enlivening and stimulating effect upon the heart, while blue, on the other hand, can lead to temporary paralysis. ( Dudek, Mark, 1996.) In order to achieve the right degree of brightness in the space not only the brightness of the colour need to be considered, but also the intensity of light that illuminates the surface. Brightness and Darkness: The Intensity of Light and Colour As explained in the earlier chapter, colour can only be perceived with the existence of light. And it is because of the presence of light that architecture can be seen and experienced. At the same time, existence of light as natural element in the space does not only define architecture and the colour perceived, but also nurtures the user of the spaces. This goes along with the usage of colour in creating a desirable mood and therefore the combination of both can strongly enhance a sense of a comfortable space to dwell, which is the aim of every spaces built. Hence, in order to incorporate both, the degree of brightness of both elements have to be considered. Controlling light in the spaces requires consideration in few aspects. The condition of light and the changes it made due to its direction, form, colour, and its arrangement; has a potential to create various colour perceptions. Considering the possibility of changes in perceiving colour based on the lighting condition, various kinds of atmosphere might be created. Both natural and artificial lighting is able to be used in assisting colour in the space. Direct sunlight can make surfaces in the space appear lighter, while the indirect sunlight will cause less dramatic shadow casting. Since the sun moves throughout the day, different kinds of light will be experienced. Different lights will reflect colour differently, resulting the same colour might be perceived differently during different time of the day. This has been proven by Monets observation in his painting of cathedral as mentioned in the previous chapter. Based on our ability to see objects hit by light, we can differentiate the degree of brightness we perceived. Brighter light makes it possible for a person to see the environment that surrounds him. At the same time it can also stimulates the nervous system of the body. Dim light, as the opposite, has the reverse effect. It causes the body to retire into itself. The comparison on how degree of brightness affect human body can be experienced in how people feel when there is maximum light on a sunny day compare to a rainy day with little light. People tends to be more active when the sun is still out and rest when it is dark. However, as much as our body needs to rest, to be in a completely dark spaces cause feeling of uncomfortable. As Goethe wrote in his book Theory of Colours, If we keep the eyes open in a totally dark place, a certain sense of privation is experienced. ( Goethe, Johann Woflgang von, 1970.). The sense of privation is perceived due to human needs to have contact with the external world and becomes part of the whole, which once again brings back the importance of light in spaces. On the other hand, despite its ability to give a sense of connection with the surrounding, light that is too strong or bright might be disturbing for the viewer. The effect might be experienced when one look on a white, strongly illuminated surface. Looking at a very bright surface might dazzle the eye and for a moment disables the ability of eye to distinguish objects in the surrounding environment. This might be experienced when one look up at the sun as the brightest source of light on earth. Then, when we alter our gaze away the sun afterwards, we will experience a temporary discomfort in our vision. A high degree of brightness has a kind of force that demands attention from the viewer and stimulates the nervous system, hence it might cause distraction on the activity a person is doing and reduce the level of concentration . Dim light, on the other hand, is more useful to concentration-demanding activities, because it demands less attention which means less distraction for the viewer. ( Danger, Eric P., 1987) Hence the needs for stimulation and the needs to rest has to be balanced, as well as the context of the space which includes types of activities held in the space, user of the space, etc. As how brighter light cause stimulation and demands attention from the viewer, the same goes with bright colour and therefore bright colours fit well for spaces requiring lots of activities, while on the other hand, darker colours tend to calm people and therefore fit well for spaces to rest. The lighter the colour, the greater the effect because the brightness of light colour tend to spread out on the retina, causing the eyes to give more attention towards it. Bright coloured space to stimulate ( left ), dark coloured spaces to rest ( right ) Bright colours are associated with warm hues which contain colours related to red, with red-orange as the warmest hue. Others included in the category of warm hues are yellow, yellow-orange, orange, red, red-orange, and red-violet. While darker colours are associated with cool hues which contain colours related to blue, with blue-green as the coolest hue. Others included in this group are yellow-green, blue-green, blue, and blue-violet. The differentiation between the brightness and darkness in colour is first being observed by a theorist, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. Goethe is a German poet who was also interested in the phenomenon of colour. In 1810 he published a book called The Theory of Colours, consist of his investigation and record about the function of the eye and its interpretation of colour, rather than the properties of light. Goethe assigned numbers to primary and secondary hues based on their luminosity (ability to give a glowing impression). White, as the most luminous, is given the number 10, followed by yellow (9), orange (8), red (6), green (6), blue (4), violet(3); while black, as the least luminous is 0. The numbers are used to match these colours, creating pairs of complementary colours. Each pair consist of a light hue and a dark hue : yellow violet, orange-blue, and red-green. (Feisner, Edith Anderson, 2006) This knowledge therefore can be further used in the space because our eyes in reality require any given colour along with its complementary. This is due to the way complementary colours provide psychological balance in satisfying the needs of both warm and cool colours. People have a strong tendency to unconsciously seek warm and cool hues in the same space. This has been proven by Louis Cheskin, a colour consultant and author. Cheskin did an experiment with three rooms coloured in green. The first one was painted in a single shade of green. The second one is treated in three values of green. While the last one also used three values of green yet he added the colour wine red, which is the complementary of one of the values of green. The occupants of the first room gave a negative reactions due to monotony. Occupants of the second room did not show any defined respond, either favourable or unfavourable. While occupants in the last room showed 94% favourable reactions. ( Danger, Eric P., 1987) By using complementary colours in the space, a sense of perceive